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::: Glossary :::


Acting
Acting is the process of portraying characters written in a screenplay through an actor's interpretation.

Answer Print
The answer print is the initial print complete with mixed audio submitted to the producer.

Art Director
The art director is in charge of the craft aspect on a film set, including costumes and set design.

Assembly
Assembly is the process of cutting raw material into a rough film draft in order to manage continuity and get a sense of the big picture.

Assistant Director

The assistant director is the film set referee. His job is to keep everything going smoothly and on schedule and maintain peace among the cast and crew. The AD also prepares call sheets.

Best Boy
Also known as the first assistant electrician. The best boy reports directly to the gaffer. The second in command of any group can also be referred to as the best boy.

Boom
Usually refers to the microphone aimed toward the sound to be recorded on a film set.

Call Sheet
A call sheet is a list of required actors for a scene about to be shot.

Camera

A camera is a device that records images through a lens and onto film using light.

Cast
A list of actors involved in a film.

Casting Director
The casting director is in charge of selecting actors to fill roles in a screenplay.

Cinema
A venue that hosts film screenings.

Cinematographer
The cinematographer makes decisions based on the visual aspects of a film - from camera and lens choices to lighting design and film stock decisions.

Clapboard
A handheld board that displays information about the scene to be shot.

Closed Captioned
A system that displays spoken dialog in the form of text in a film for the benefit of hearing impaired audience members.

Close-up
A close up is a shot that features the subject larger than the frame and with much detail.

Color Timing
The process of controlling the color in film and keeping it consistent from scene to scene.

Composite Print
This is a print that features both images and audio.

Continuity
The consistency of a film relative to itself.

Costume Designer

Person who designs the clothing worn by the actors in a film.

Crew
Refers to all who work behind the scenes on a film.

Critic
A critic publishes an analysis of a finished film judging its artistic and/or entertainment qualities.


Dailies

The first quickly exposed positive print of a days shoot to be viewed by the director and cinematographer early the next day.

Dialog Coach
The dialog coach assists actors in delivering the manner of speaking required for each role in a film.

Dialog Editor

The sound editor that specializes in editing a film's dialog.

Director
The director is the chief artistic force behind a film bringing together and facilitating all aspects including the script, the actors and cinematography.

Director of Photography

The cinematography in charge of making the director's idea of a scene a visual reality.

Director's Cut
The early cut of a film under the director's control independent of studio decisions and influence.

Dissolve
A transitional device used to gradual lead the viewer from one scene to the next.

Documentary
A film whose narrative is derived from nonfiction and does not feature actors.


Dolly
A dolly is a small vehicle or truck that helps transport the camera and its crew (sometimes including the director).

Dolly Grip
The dolly grip is in charge of moving or driving the dolly.

Editing
Editing is the process of assembling and sequencing trimmed portions of raw material into a final viewable product.

Executive Producer
The producer who is involved in the overall production and its finances and not involved in any technical aspects.

Extra
An extra is usually an unpaid actor who fills roles where nonspecific, non-speaking background characters are needed.

Film History
Film history traces the development of film technology and art through time.

Filmography
A filmography is a list of completed works by a filmmaker.

Gaffer
The Gaffer serves as the chief electrician and works with the Director of Photography with lighting setup.

Grip
Grips are in charge of any moving equipment or set pieces during a shoot.

Lighting
Lighting is the aspect of a cinematic production that deals with illuminating actors and settings so that their images will appear on the film or video media. Through the qualities of color, intensity, brightness and angle of projection, lighting also contributes to the mood and texture of the dramatic conception.

Narrative Film
A linear, straightforward film presentation of a story.

Off-line Editing
Off-line editing is the process of editing low-quality copies of the original footage, for the sake of cost efficiency, to generate an Edit Decision List. The editor will then apply the EDL toward editing the high-quality footage.

Online Editing
The editing of footage at the original, highest-quality.


Pan
A camera is panned when it is rotated on its vertical axis.

Post-Production

After principle photography, a film will go into post-production which includes editing, computer enhancements and sound dubbing.

Premiere
Refers to the first public screening of a motion picture.

Pre-Production

The process of preparing for the production stage of a film, including script revisions, casting and location research.

Principal Photography

All shots that include the lead actors.

Producer
The producer is the manager of all business and financial aspects involved in making a film.

Product Placement
The point at which a film becomes an advertisement. The filmmakers agree to place a company's product or logo visibly within shots.

Production

Production involves the facilitation of all financial and business aspects of the making of a film.

Production Assistant
Also called a gofer this person is responsible for A person responsible for various odd jobs, such as stopping traffic, acting as couriers, fetching items from craft service, etc.

Registration

Registration is a term that describes the degree of steadiness a given camera is able to achieve.

Release
The distributor has shipped a film to exhibitors. At that point, the public can view the film without studio restrictions.

Room Tone
Usually refers to the audio characteristic of the film set or location. Sound engineers will sometimes record the 'silence' of a space to capture its tone.


Rotoscoping
Animation that is achieved through the tracing of live action.


Screenwriting
Screenwriting is the process of writing a story for a film.

Script Supervisor
The script supervisor is in charge of keeping track of which scenes have been filmed, deviations from the script and continuity.

Second Unit
These are crews that are in charge of filming minor scenes, usually at a separate location.

Set
The set is the environment, indoor or outdoor, where shooting takes place.


Set Designer
The set designer is responsible for interpreting the production designer's vision of the story's setting and creating the filming environment.

Slow Motion
A shot in which the action is slowed down relative to the film's contextual pace.

Sound Crew
The sound crew is involved in creating a film's soundtrack through recording, mixing and editing.

Sound Effects
Sound effects are tricks of sound mostly achieved by combining technology, ingenuity and creativity and employed in films to facilitate suspension of audience disbelief. Sounds effects can be recorded on a sound stage or in the field with the use of portable equipment.

Sound Effects Editor
The sound effects editor is in charge of recording, arranging and mixing sound effects on a film's soundtrack.

Sound Engineering
The sound engineer is the master of recorded and mixed audio accompaniment to a film.

Soundstage
Soundstages are provided to house film sets.

Soundtrack
The soundtrack refers to the audio aspect of a film.

Special Effects
Special effects are tricks of sight and sound mostly achieved by combining technology, ingenuity and creativity and employed in films to facilitate suspension of audience disbelief.

Special Effects Supervisor
The Special Effects Supervisor is in charge of the special effects crew.

Stand-in
A stand-in is a person who resembles a film's actor and is used as a reference during long setups.

Stock Footage
Stock footage includes previously filmed footage used with permission when timesaving is necessary.

Stop-Motion
A form of filmed animation that involves the frame-by-frame manipulation of objects .


Storyboard
The storyboard is an outline consisting of renderings to illustrate the sequence, flow and general look of a film or scene before filming begins.


Studio
The studio is the company that is in charge of the release and distribution of a film product.


Stunt Coordinator
The stunt coordinator is in charge of designing and scheduling stunt performances.


Stunt Performer
Stunt performers are specially trained act in potentially dangerous scenes, usually in the place of the regular actors.


Subtitles
Subtitles are printed text that appear in a film mainly to translate passages of spoken dialog.

Take
A take is a continuous filming action of a scene.

Technical Advisor
Technical advisors provide advice on the many technical aspects of creating a film.

Trailer
A short, edited montage of selected scenes from a film to be used as and advertisement for the film.

Video Production
The process of recording, editing and exhibiting visual and audio information on magnetic, sometimes portable media.

Voice-over
Dialog appearing in a film's soundtrack where the speaker is not visible - usually employed for narration.

Walla
Random background conversation employed to produce certain atmospheric effects.

Wardrobe Department
The department of a film's production crew in charge of choosing, creating, storing and maintaining costumes.


Whip Pan

A fast pan, usually resulting in motion blur.

Wipe
A wipe is another transitional device that wipes one scene horizontally into the other.

Working Title
The title of a film during production, sometimes different from the title of the final product.

Wrangler
The professional on the film set generally in charge of controlling animals used in a film production.

Wrap
The act of finishing a shot, the day's work or the entire production.

Zoom Shot
A shot where an object increasingly fills the shot's frame through camera lens magnification.

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